As long as blood sugar concentrations remain below 175-200 milligrams per deciliter in the blood, none will “spill over” into the urine as it is being made in the kidneys. If, however, the blood glucose level is even transiently elevated over that threshold of 175-200 milligrams/deciliter, glucose can be detected in the urine using standard urine dipsticks. Urine collected for analysis represents the urine produced over many hours. As a result, it is impossible to ascertain whether a positive dipstick for glucose represents chronic "spill-over" of a small amount of excess blood glucose into the urine, or whether a great deal of glucose spilled into urine over a transient period during which the blood sugar levels were significantly elevated. The former situation suggests an “under-regulation” associated with an inadequate insulin dose or dosing interval while the latter situation suggests over-regulation caused by insulin toxicity. When insulin overdoses cause blood sugar levels to plunge dangerously low, the body initiates a physiologic compensatory response which counteracts the effects of insulin and results in a massive production of glucose to elevate blood glucose to safe ranges. This culminates in dramatic transient surges in blood sugar which spills over into the urine, causing positive glucose readings on the urine dipsticks even though the underlying cause is too much, not too little insulin. This phenomenon is called Somogyi, named after the endocrinologist who originally described it. One can easily imagine why insulin dosage adjustments based on urine dipstick readings alone can very dangerous.