Acceleration of seed germination by metal nanoparticles
Basil seed germination on glass beads immerged in (A) water,  (B) water + PNC, (C) water + proteons.  Proteons, small particles of misfolded proteins (40-250 nm) polymerized around inorganic PNCs, were found in animal and human blood, plants, and soil. Proteons form by reversible seeded aggregation of proteins around protein nucleating centers (PNCs). PNCs are comprised of 1–2-nm metallic nanoclusters containing 40–300 atoms.
A
B
C
A – water, B - water + PNC, C - water + proteons