Expanding the diagnostic toolbox for small ruminants

As pet goats become increasingly common, veterinarians are encountering medical conditions once associated primarily with dogs and cats. A new case series by Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine residents and highlights how advanced imaging techniques, including nuclear scintigraphy, computed tomographic (CT) angiography and ultrasound, can help diagnose congenital portosystemic shunts (PSS) in young goats.

Published in Frontiers in Veterinary Science, the case report evaluated five Boer goat kids suspected of having congenital liver shunts, a condition in which blood bypasses the liver and can lead to neurologic issues, poor growth and other health problems. The research team found that trans-splenic nuclear scintigraphy successfully identified or ruled out macroscopic shunts in several cases, while CT angiography provided critical confirmation and additional diagnostic detail. Together, the imaging modalities proved valuable tools for investigating this condition.

Co-authors included Drs. Dane Schwartz, Robert Cole, Clifford Berry, Oscar Huertas, Jessica Prim, Benjamin Binson, Katelyn Waters and Jenna Stockler. Their findings are particularly relevant as veterinarians increasingly provide advanced care for companion livestock species.

Historically, diagnosing portosystemic shunts in goats has been difficult, even though affected animals may exhibit signs such as ataxia, seizures, behavioral changes or failure to thrive. The study demonstrates that imaging technologies commonly used in small-animal medicine can play an important role in identifying these abnormalities and supporting clinical decision-making in goats.

For veterinary professionals treating small ruminants, the research offers a practical reminder: When young goats present with unexplained neurologic signs or poor development, congenital portosystemic shunts should be included on the differential diagnosis list. As demand for specialized care in pet livestock continues to grow, advanced diagnostic imaging may help clinicians improve outcomes for these unique patients.

Vaughan Large Animal Teaching Hospital